用Ports的方式安裝基本的應用軟體。而FreeBSD原則上會到各應用軟體的總站臺下載原始程式後才編譯、安裝,如此速度上會顯得很慢。因此,我們必須設定FreeBSD只需到交大資工系(或者是臺灣地區其他的mirror站)來抓取原始程式碼即可。
在安裝6.0-RELEASE完以後.再/etc/內新增make.conf
內容如下
ftp://freebsd.csie.ncu.edu.tw/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/${ DIST_SUBDIR }/ \
ftp://freebsd.csie.nctu.edu.tw/pub/distfiles/${ DIST_SUBDIR }/
MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?= ${ MASTER_SITE_BACKUP }
# added by use.perl 2006-01-13 10:23:25
上述站台的排列原則是,哪一台的網路連線與您的網路環境最佳者,排在第一個。
抓檔案時,如果第一台抓不到,會依序向第二台詢問有沒有。如果都問完了,還是沒有,就會到國外的原始站台去抓。不過,這種情形應該很少見到。
開始用Ports安裝應用軟體:
cd /usr/ports/sysutils/portupgrade ; make install clean
cd /usr/ports/ftp/wget ; make install clean
其中,cvsup-without-gui 與 portupgrade 是屬於系統更新( src 及 ports-tree )的工具軟體,建議您一定要裝。
查看安裝之後的結果:
pkg_info
大海撈針:搜尋某一ports
cd /usr/ports
make search key="popper" | more
cd /usr/ports
make search key="libiconv" | grep Path: | grep libiconv
Port: qpopper-2.53_2
Path: /usr/ports/mail/popper
Info: Berkeley POP 3 server (now maintained by Qualcomm)
Maint: ache@freebsd.org
Index: mail
B-deps:
R-deps:
Port:軟體名稱,Path:路徑,Info:訊息,Maint:維護者,Index:類型。
cd /usr/ports
make search key="libiconv" | grep Path: | grep libiconv
ports-tree的更新
切換目錄 至 /usr
取得PORTS設定檔
執行PORTS跟新
慢慢等吧.少說1小時.
這個更新的內容預設值是全部的ports,所需耗費的時間相對就很長。您可以只選擇其中的一部份來更新即可,只要改cvsupfile-ports檔案最底下的那一行(ports-all)。 ports-base: /usr/ports/... misc files at the top of /usr/ports
ports-archivers: /usr/ports/archivers archiving tools
ports-audio: /usr/ports/audio sound support
ports-benchmarks: /usr/ports/benchmarks benchmarks
ports-cad: /usr/ports/cad CAD tools
ports-comms: /usr/ports/comms communication software
ports-databases: /usr/ports/databases databases
ports-devel: /usr/ports/devel development utilities
ports-editors: /usr/ports/editors editors
ports-emulators: /usr/ports/emulators emulators for other OSes
ports-games: /usr/ports/games games
ports-graphics: /usr/ports/graphics various graphics utilities
ports-japanese: /usr/ports/japanese Japanese software.
ports-lang: /usr/ports/lang programming languages
ports-mail: /usr/ports/mail mail software
ports-math: /usr/ports/math numerical computation software
ports-misc: /usr/ports/misc miscellaneous utilities
ports-net: /usr/ports/net networking software
ports-news: /usr/ports/news USENET news software
ports-plan9: /usr/ports/plan9 various programs from Plan9
ports-print: /usr/ports/print printing software
ports-russian: /usr/ports/russian Russian software
ports-security: /usr/ports/security ``security'' utilities, for better or for worse
ports-shells: /usr/ports/shells various UN*X shells
ports-sysutils: /usr/ports/sysutils system utilities
ports-www: /usr/ports/www software related to the world wide web
ports-x11: /usr/ports/x11 X11 software
其他:
make install : 安裝所選定的 Port
make deinstall : 移除已安裝的 Port
make reinstall : 移除之後再安裝一次
make clean : 安裝完畢後移除 make 資料夾下的檔案
make distclean : 移除安裝後的原始檔案,以節省磁碟空間
make install
make install clean
make install clean distclean